compared effects of NAC with placebo or metformin in women with PCOS
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 23 Feb 15
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N-Acetylcysteine for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis o... - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4306416
NAC N-acetylcysteine PCOS infertility women women's health female hormone hormones
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NAC significantly improved rates of live births and spontaneous ovulation compared to placebo in women with PCOS
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we found no evidence of effects of NAC on improving menstrual regularity, acne, hirsutism, BMI, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, or HOMA-IR
- ...3 more annotations...
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NAC was not associated with greater benefits to metformin for improving pregnancy rate, spontaneous ovulations, and menstrual regularity
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Metformin also improved the BMI, total testosterone, insulin level, and lipid levels compared to NAC
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Data review finds NAC improves pregnancy rates and ovulation rates in women with PCOS against placebo. Meta-analysis revealed limited studies on the topic. When compared to metformin, there was no difference found. Though, one wonders if attacking insulin resistance through proper diet and additional neutraceutical approach would negate that. The reason? NAC and metformin are working in different biochemical pathways. The authors here seem to not realize this. It appears that they think NAC and metormin are both working in the same manner, but they don't. The fact that there is still benefit found compared to placebo, despited the authors lack of understanding of what NAC is and does is a positive.
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shared by fitspresso on 27 Sep 23
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LeanBiome™ (Official) | Get Save UpTo $540 Today Only! - 0 views
usleanbiome.com
leanbiome us lean biome usa uk buy get does work discount 2022 australia legit weight loss bioma customer reviews review canada website ireland product
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LeanBiome™ (Official) | Get Save UpTo $540 Today Only! usleanbiome.com LeanBiome™ Hurry Up! Offer Expires in: 00 HOUR 29 MINUTE 59 SECOND LeanBiome Attention! Get Special 84% Discount Today Faster fat burning and weight loss Healthy cholesterol and sugar levels Higher energy levels Regular price: $129 Only for: 39$ What Is LeanBiome? LeanBiome Lean for Good is a weight loss dietary supplement derived from scientifically researched ingredients and comprehensively developed to help people achieve sustainable weight control. The formula comes in a capsule format that is easy to take and is made with natural ingredients from plants and other sources to achieve its goals. The main ingredient in LeanBiome is piperine, which has been found to affect the body's ability to absorb micronutrients and other compounds more effectively. LeanBiome is a dietary supplement that claims to help weight management. It contains 100% natural ingredients that support healthy weight loss. It does not interfere with any natural process making it safe for use. It ranks among the top weight loss supplements that claim to provide a permanent solution. LeanBiome is made by a company named Lean for Good. It is made with natural and research-backed ingredients that help you lose excess fat without hassles. It is sold in capsule form. The company assures the composition is GMO, gluten, and soy-free. As for manufacturing standards, you need not fret. The company makes the supplement in a facility certified by the FDA. How Does LeanBiome Work? The starting period of the LeanBiome program includes a detoxification process that effectively removes any accumulated ree radicals, toxins, fand oxidative stress. This cleansing enables improved blood circulation, setting the stage for the body to initiate its own fat-burning mechanisms. To enhance metabolic activity, introducing the lean bacteria contained in LeanBiome to your gut microbiome is a beneficial approach. This activation triggers r
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 16
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Will testosterone replacement therapy become a new treatment of chronic heart failure? ... - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC4842839
low Testosterone low T Testosterone CHF heart failure congestive heart failure male hormones hormones
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- ...5 more annotations...
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The MVC and PTmax were significantly improved in TRT patients but remained unchanged in the placebo group
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According to EF assessed by echocardiography, no differences were observed between the patients who were prescribed testosterone and those who received placebo
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There were no differences between the groups in circulating levels of NT pro-BNP, and inflammatory markers were unchanged, except for a decrease in TNF-α from baseline in the placebo group
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Testosterone supplementation therapy appeared to be safe, and the subjects who accepted testosterone treatment did not appear any obvious adverse reactions.
62More
The Role of Vitamin C in Human Immunity and Its Treatment Potential Against COVID-19: A... - 0 views
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White blood cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, accumulate concentrations of vitamin C up to 100 times greater than that of plasma
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Vitamin C is a crucial component of both the innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) portions of the immune system
- ...52 more annotations...
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maturation, proliferation, and viability of T cells have all been shown to be upregulated by the presence of normal physiologic concentrations of vitamin C
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vitamin C among healthy young adult males showed a significant increase in serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM
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effects of high-dose vitamin C on cytokine levels in cancer patients, finding decreased amounts of the cytokines Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-2, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) after high-dose vitamin C infusion
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when vitamin C was supplemented with vitamin E in healthy adults, it increased the production of cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha
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vitamin C acts to modulate the levels of cytokines to prevent them from fluctuating in either direction
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human leukocytes, neutrophils, in particular, possess the ability to transport the oxidized form of vitamin C across its membrane to use as a defense mechanism against ROS produced during an immune response
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Vitamin C also can recover other endogenous antioxidants in the body such as vitamin E and glutathione, returning them to their active state
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can reduce harmful nitrogen-based compounds such as N-nitrosamines and nitrosamides, both of which are carcinogenic
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subjects taking oral vitamin C supplementation saw a 60% to 90% reduction in oxidative stress compared to a placebo control
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subjects infused with vitamin C alone had a 516% increase in glutathione levels compared to subjects not provided the 500 mg daily supplementation
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Studies have demonstrated that those with low levels of vitamin C are at a significantly higher risk of respiratory infection compared to those with normal levels
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viral cold duration was reduced by about 8% in adults and 13.5% in children using prophylactic daily doses of 200 mg of oral vitamin C
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prophylactically supplementing vitamin C decreases the risk of infection with respiratory viruses such as the common cold
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combined with probiotics, oral vitamin C supplementation showed a 33% decrease in the incidence of respiratory tract infections in preschool-age children [
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high-dose oral supplementation of vitamin C managed to prevent or reduce symptoms if taken before or just after the onset of cold- or flu-like symptoms
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improvements in oxygen saturation and decreased IL-6 levels (a marker of inflammation) in the treatment group compared to the control group
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Patients with COVID-19 will likely also experience depletion in serum levels of vitamin C as a direct result of the upregulation of the immune system to combat the infection
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Colunga et al. suggested that oral vitamin C can be combined with oral Quercetin, an antiviral flavonoid, to improve Quercetin’s ability to block viral membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2
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It appears vitamin C supplementation by itself does not provide a striking benefit in preventing COVID-19 infection for those without a deficiency
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some evidence to support that prophylactic use of vitamin C helps reduce the severity of respiratory infection symptoms once a subject has already been infected
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other studies were unable to find any definitive improvement concerning therapy with vitamin C
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Fowler et al. aimed to see if a high-dose vitamin C infusion would benefit patients affected by ARDS, but they were unable to conclude that vitamin C infusion, compared to a placebo, could decrease vascular inflammation and damage in ARDS
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in a sample of 67 COVID-19-positive ICU patients, 82% of them displayed plasma vitamin C levels below 0.4 mg/dL
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continuous vitamin C infusion at a rate of 60 mg/kg/day for four days decreased the need for mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use but had no significant effect on overall mortality
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Carr et al. suggested that high-dose IV vitamin C is most effective when treating sepsis as septic patients receiving the normal daily recommendations through diet still showed decreased vitamin C levels
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High-dose IV vitamin C treatment has also been shown by Kakodkar et al. to decrease syndecan-1, an endothelial glycocalyx that contributes to mortality in septic patients
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combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
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combined with hydrocortisone and thiamine, septic patients treated with 1.5 g of IV vitamin C every six hours showed a distinct decrease in their SOFA scores and none of the patients treated developed organ failure
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treatment of severe sepsis using a high dose (up to 200 mg/kg/day) of IV vitamin C was explored in phase I, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Fowler et al. [75]. Their findings included a reduction in SOFA scores and decreased vascular injury compared to a placebo control group, all while showing minimal adverse side effects
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Maintaining a daily intake of 75 and 100 mg for men and women, respectively, as recommended by the U.S. Institute of Medicine
1More
JAMA Network | JAMA | Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity: A... - 0 views
58More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 May 13
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Testosterone: a vascular hormone in health and disease - 0 views
joe.endocrinology-journals.org/...R47.full
testosterone hormone health disease hormones men male cardiovascular disease CVD
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Testosterone has beneficial effects on several cardiovascular risk factors, which include cholesterol, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation
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In clinical studies, acute and chronic testosterone administration increases coronary artery diameter and flow, improves cardiac ischaemia and symptoms in men with chronic stable angina and reduces peripheral vascular resistance in chronic heart failure.
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testosterone is an L-calcium channel blocker and induces potassium channel activation in vascular smooth muscle cells
- ...54 more annotations...
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Animal studies have consistently demonstrated that testosterone is atheroprotective, whereas testosterone deficiency promotes the early stages of atherogenesis
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there is no compelling evidence that testosterone replacement to levels within the normal healthy range contributes adversely to the pathogenesis of CVD (Carson & Rosano 2011) or prostate cancer (Morgentaler & Schulman 2009)
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bidirectional effect between decreased testosterone concentrations and disease pathology exists as concomitant cardiovascular risk factors (including inflammation, obesity and insulin resistance) are known to reduce testosterone levels and that testosterone confers beneficial effects on these cardiovascular risk factors
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Achieving a normal physiological testosterone concentration through the administration of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been shown to improve risk factors for atherosclerosis including reducing central adiposity and insulin resistance and improving lipid profiles (in particular, lowering cholesterol), clotting and inflammatory profiles and vascular function
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It is well known that impaired erectile function and CVD are closely related in that ED can be the first clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis often preceding a cardiovascular event by 3–5 years
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no decrease in the response (i.e. no tachyphylaxis) of testosterone and that patient benefit persists in the long term.
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free testosterone levels within the physiological range, has been shown to result in a marked increase in both flow- and nitroglycerin-mediated brachial artery vasodilation in men with CAD
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Clinical studies, however, have revealed either small reductions of 2–3 mm in diastolic pressure or no significant effects when testosterone is replaced within normal physiological limits in humans
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Endothelium-independent mechanisms of testosterone are considered to occur primarily via the inhibition of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) and/or activation of K+ channels (KCs) on smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
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Testosterone increases the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and enhances nitric oxide (NO) production
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In addition to direct effects on NOS expression, testosterone may also affect phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5 (PDE5A)) gene expression, an enzyme controlling the degradation of cGMP, which acts as a vasodilatory second messenger
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the significance of the action of testosterone on VSMC apoptosis and proliferation in atherosclerosis is difficult to delineate and may be dependent upon the stage of plaque development
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Several human studies have shown that carotid IMT (CIMT) and aortic calcification negatively correlate with serum testosterone
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acute responses appear to be AR independent, long-term AR-mediated effects on the vasculature have also been described, primarily in the context of vascular tone regulation via the modulation of gene transcription
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Several studies, however, have demonstrated that the vasodilatory actions of testosterone are not reduced by aromatase inhibition
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non-aromatisable DHT elicited similar vasodilation to testosterone treatment in arterial smooth muscle
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increased endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation were observed in testosterone- and DHT-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells
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Androgen deprivation leads to a reduction in neuronal NOS expression associated with a decrease of intracavernosal pressure in penile arteries during erection, an effect that is promptly reversed by androgen replacement therapy
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Observational evidence suggests that several pro-inflammatory cytokines (including interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and highly sensitive CRP) and serum testosterone levels are inversely associated in patients with CAD, T2DM and/or hypogonadism
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TRT has been reported to significantly reduce TNFα and elevate the circulating anti-inflammatory IL10 in hypogonadal men with CVD
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testosterone treatment to normalise levels in hypogonadal men with the MetS resulted in a significant reduction in the circulating CRP, IL1β and TNFα, with a trend towards lower IL6 compared with placebo
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Research suggests that the expression of VCAM-1, as induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα or interferon γ (IFNγ (IFNG)) in endothelial cells, can be attenuated by treatment with testosterone
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Testosterone also inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL6, IL1β and TNFα in a range of cell types including human endothelial cells
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decreased inflammatory response to TNFα and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human endothelial cells when treated with DHT
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The key to unravelling the link between testosterone and its role in atherosclerosis may lay in the understanding of testosterone signalling and the cross-talk between receptors and intracellular events that result in pro- and/or anti-inflammatory actions in athero-sensitive cells.
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Both NFκB and AR act at the transcriptional level and have been experimentally found to be antagonistic to each other
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As the AR and NFκB are mutual antagonists, their interaction and influence on functions can be bidirectional, with inflammatory agents that activate NFκB interfering with normal androgen signalling as well as the AR interrupting NFκB inflammatory transcription
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prolonged exposure of vascular cells to the inflammatory activation of NFκB associated with atherosclerosis may reduce or alter any potentially protective effects of testosterone
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DHT and IFNγ also modulate each other's signalling through interaction at the transcriptional level, suggesting that androgens down-regulate IFN-induced genes
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(Simoncini et al. 2000a,b). Norata et al. (2010) suggest that part of the testosterone-mediated atheroprotective effects could depend on ER activation mediated by the testosterone/DHT 3β-derivative, 3β-Adiol
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TNFα-induced induction of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin as well as MCP1 and IL6 was significantly reduced by a pre-incubation with 3β-Adiol in HUVECs
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3β-Adiol also reduced LPS-induced gene expression of IL6, TNFα, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2 (PTGS2)), CD40, CX3CR1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, MMP9, resistin, pentraxin-3 and MCP1 in the monocytic cell line U937 (Norata et al. 2010)
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This study suggests that testosterone metabolites, other than those generated through aromatisation, could exert anti-inflammatory effects that are mediated by ER activation.
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The authors suggest that DHT differentially effects COX2 levels under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells and via AR-dependent and -independent mechanisms influenced by the physiological state of the cell
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There are, however, a number of systematic meta-analyses of clinical trials of TRT that have not demonstrated an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events or mortality
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The TOM trial, which was designed to investigate the effect of TRT on frailty in elderly men, was terminated prematurely as a result of an increased incidence of cardiovascular-related events after 6 months in the treatment arm
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trials of TRT in men with either chronic stable angina or chronic cardiac failure have also found no increase in either cardiovascular events or mortality in studies up to 12 months
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Evidence may therefore suggest that low testosterone levels and testosterone levels above the normal range have an adverse effect on CVD, whereas testosterone levels titrated to within the mid- to upper-normal range have at least a neutral effect or, taking into account the knowledge of the beneficial effects of testosterone on a series of cardiovascular risk factors, there may possibly be a cardioprotective action
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The effect of testosterone on human vascular function is a complex issue and may be dependent upon the underlying androgen and/or disease status.
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the majority of studies suggest that testosterone may display both acute and chronic vasodilatory effects upon various vascular beds at both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations and via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) in the Treatment of Obesity - 0 views
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Weight loss was identical between the two groups, and there was no evidence for differential effects on hunger, mood or localized body measurements. Placebo injections, therefore, appear to be as effective as HCG in the treatment of obesity.
1More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 24 Jul 14
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Effect of raising endogenous testosterone levels in impotent men with secondary hypogon... - 0 views
press.endocrine.org/...jcem.80.12.8530597
low T Testosterone clomid hypogonadism ED erectile dysfunction men male hormone hormones
![](/images/link.gif)
1More
shared by fitspresso on 27 Sep 23
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https://www.sightcare-co.com/ - 0 views
www.sightcare-co.com
sight care sightcare group training nearsightedness food for eyesight carey codd vitasight vision how to cure bad eye tips fix improve your red light eyes diet improvement skincare malaysia costos de medicare indonesia singapore eyecare
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Sight Care | Official Site sightcare-co.com · by Sight Care Sight Care Only $49/Bottle Limited Time Offer! Sight Care Special Deal + Special 67% Discount Save $600 + 180 Days Money Back Guarantee #1.The Sight Care vision supplement is a dietary supplement for helping you improve your vision and brain health. Sight Care eye supplements are formulated to provide a synergistic blend of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds that are essential for maintaining healthy vision Regular Price: 147/per bottle Only for: $49/per bottle What Is Sight Care? This powerful vision support supplement is made with a unique blend of natural ingredients and plant extracts that work together synergistically to deliver numerous benefits for your brain and eye health. With Sight Care, you can expect to experience increased energy levels, improved eyesight, and an overall revitalized sense of well-being. Taking care of your vision health is not just about seeing clearly; it's also about maintaining your overall brain health. As we age, our vision deteriorates, and our eyes and brain can experience a decline in function, but there are steps you can take to support your visual and cognitive health. Regular eye exams are crucial for detecting and treating vision problems early on, and making healthy choices such as eating a nutritious diet and exercising regularly can also help. However, with busy schedules, it can be difficult to find the time to devote to a healthy lifestyle. This is where the Sight Care supplement comes in. It's designed to support both vision and brain health with its blend of natural ingredients that have been shown to promote healthy vision and cognitive function You must not compromise your eye health for momentary exhilaration. If you are glued to digital screens day and night, you must take measures to prevent eye diseases like age-related macular degeneration. The SightCare vision supplement has been made using 100% natura
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Ibuprofen alters human testicular physiology to produce a state of compensated hypogona... - 0 views
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We found an 18% decrease (P = 0.056) in the ibuprofen group compared with the placebo group after 14 d (Fig. 1A) and a 23% decrease (P = 0.02) after 44 d (Fig. 1C). Taken together, these in vivo data suggest that ibuprofen induced a state of compensated hypogonadism during the trial, which occurred as early as 14 d and was maintained until the end of the trial at 44 d
- ...27 more annotations...
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We first investigated testosterone production after 24 and 48 h of ibuprofen exposure to assess its effects on Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Inhibition of testosterone levels was significant and dose-dependent (β = −0.405, P = 0.01 at 24 h and β = −0.664, P < 0.0001 at 48 h) (Fig. 2A) and was augmented over time
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The AMH data show that the hypogonadism affected not only Leydig cells but also Sertoli cells and also occurred as early as 14 d of administration
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Sertoli cell activity showed that AMH levels decreased significantly with ibuprofen administration, by 9% (P = 0.02) after 14 d (Fig. 1B) and by 7% (P = 0.05) after 44 d compared with the placebo group
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Examination of the effect of ibuprofen exposure on both the ∆4 and ∆5 steroid pathways (Fig. 2B) showed that it generally inhibited all steroids from pregnenolone down to testosterone and 17β-estradiol; the production of each steroid measured decreased at doses of 10−5–10−4 M. Under control conditions, production of androstenediol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was below the limit of detection except in one experiment with DHEA
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Measuring the mRNA expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis in vitro showed that ibuprofen had a profound inhibitory effect on the expression of these genes (Fig. 3 B–D), consistent with that seen above in our ex vivo organ model. Taken together, these data examining effects on the endocrine cells confirm that ibuprofen-induced changes in the transcriptional machinery were the likely reason for the inhibition of steroidogenesis.
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Suppression of gene expression concerned the initial conversion of cholesterol to the final testosterone synthesis. Hence, expression of genes involved in cholesterol transport to the Leydig cell mitochondria was impaired
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A previous study reported androsterone levels decreased by 63% among men receiving 400 mg of ibuprofen every 6 h for 4 wk
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We next examined the gene expression involved in testicular steroidogenesis ex vivo and found that levels of expression of every gene that we studied except CYP19A1 decreased after exposure for 48 h compared with controls
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the changes in gene expression indicate that the transcriptional machinery behind the endocrine action of Leydig cells was most likely impaired by ibuprofen exposure.
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Together, these data show that ibuprofen also directly impairs Sertoli cell function ex vivo by inhibiting transcription
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ibuprofen use in men led to (i) elevation of LH; (ii) a decreased testosterone/LH ratio and, to a lesser degree, a decreased inhibin B/FSH ratio; and (iii) a reduction in the levels of the Sertoli cell hormone AMH
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The decrease in the free testosterone/LH ratio resulted primarily from the increased LH levels, revealing that testicular responsiveness to gonadotropins likely declined during the ibuprofen exposure. Our data from the ex vivo experiments support this notion, indicating that the observed elevation in LH resulted from ibuprofen’s direct antiandrogenic action
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AMH levels were consistently suppressed by ibuprofen both in vivo and ex vivo, indicating that this hormone is uncoupled from gonadotropins in adult men. The ibuprofen suppression of AMH further demonstrated that the analgesic targeted not only the Leydig cells but also the Sertoli cells, a feature encountered not only in the human adult testis but also in the fetal testis
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ibuprofen displayed broad transcription-repression abilities involving steroidogenesis, peptide hormones, and prostaglandin synthesis
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a chemical compound, through its effects on the signaling compounds, can result in changes in the testis at gene level, resulting in perturbations at higher physiological levels in the adult human
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The analgesics acetaminophen/paracetamol and ibuprofen have previously been shown to inhibit the postexercise response in muscles by repressing transcription
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Previous ex vivo studies on adult testis have indeed pointed to an antiandrogenicity, only on Leydig cells, of phthalates (41), aspirin, indomethacin (42), and bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs
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ibuprofen’s effects were not restricted to Leydig and Sertoli cells, as data showed that the expression of genes in peritubular cells was also affected
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In the clinical setting, compromised Leydig cell function resulting in increased insensitivity to LH is defined as compensated hypogonadism (4), an entity associated with all-cause mortality
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compensated hypogonadic men present with an increased likelihood of reproductive, cognitive, and physical symptoms
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an inverse relationship was recently reported between endurance exercise training and male sexual libido
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AMH concentrations are lower in seminal plasma from patients with azoospermia than from men with normal sperm levels
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inhibin B is a key clinical marker of reproductive health (32). The function of AMH, also secreted by Sertoli cells, and its regulation through FSH remain unclear in men
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the striking dual effect of ibuprofen observed here on both Leydig and Sertoli cells makes this NSAID the chemical compound, of all the chemical classes considered, with the broadest endocrine-disturbing properties identified so far in men.
2More
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the treatmen... [West J Med. 1977] - PubMed result - 0 views
10More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Mar 15
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Effect of Tongkat Ali on stress hormones and psychological mood state in moderately str... - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3669033
Tongkat Ali long jack cortisol stress testosterone hormone hormones
![](/images/link.gif)
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Eurycoma contains a group of small peptides referred to as “eurypeptides” that are known to have effects in improving energy status and sex drive in studies of rodents
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The effects of tongkat ali in restoring normal testosterone levels appears to be less due to actually “stimulating” testosterone synthesis, but rather by increasing the release rate of “free” testosterone from its binding hormone, sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG)
- ...6 more annotations...
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The current study found that daily supplementation with tongkat ali root extract (200 mg/day) improves stress hormone profile (lower cortisol; higher testosterone) and certain mood state parameters (lower tension, anger, and confusion)
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tongkat ali supplementation (100 mg/day) improved lean body mass, 1-RM strength, and arm circumference to a significantly greater degree compared to a placebo group.
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In a recent 12-week trial [46] of Eurycoma longifolia supplementation (300 mg/day), men (30–55 years of age) showed significant improved compared to placebo in the Physical Functioning domain of the SF-36 quality of life survey
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In men with low testosterone levels (average age 51 years), one month of daily supplementation with tongkat ali extract (200 mg/day) resulted in a significant improvement in serum testosterone levels and quality-of-life parameters
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shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Jun 11
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Randomized, double blind placebo-controlled trial: effects of myo-inositol on ovarian f... - 0 views
www.mendeley.com/...n-metabolic-factors-women-pcos
myo-inositol weight loss leptin insulin overweight
![](/images/link.gif)
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significant weight loss (and leptin reduction) (P < 0.01) was recorded in the myo-inositol group, whereas the placebo group actually increased weight
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hese data support a beneficial effect of myo-inositol in women with oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovaries in improving ovarian function.
25More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 28 Apr 15
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Association between endogenous sex steroid hormones and inflammatory biomarkers in US men - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3812341
low Testosterone Estrogen Estradiol low T Testosterone hormone hormones CRP inflammation SHBG WBC men male
![](/images/link.gif)
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modest statistically significant inverse associations for total and calculated free testosterone, and modest positive associations for total and calculated free estradiol with CRP concentration
- ...21 more annotations...
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These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that in men higher androgen concentration is anti-inflammatory, and higher estrogen concentration is pro-inflammatory.
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the probability of elevated CRP concentrations (≥ 3 mg/L) decreased with higher total and calculated free testosterone concentrations, while the probability increased with higher total and calculated free estradiol concentrations
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Studies have shown that the induction of hypogonadism in older men is followed by a significant increase in IL-6 concentrations (Khosla et al. 2002), a potent stimulator of inflammation, and that activation of the androgen receptor exerts a direct anti-inflammatory effect
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It has been suggested that the mechanisms for the immunosuppressive effect of androgens could be either a direct effect on the expression of inflammatory genes (Bellido et al. 1995; Asirvatham et al. 2006), or an indirect effect through inhibition of nuclear factor-kB activation
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Estradiol is the major biologically active estrogen, and about 80% is formed in adult men from the aromatization of testosterone primarily in the adipose tissue
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Most prior cross-sectional studies have observed inverse associations between androgen concentrations and inflammatory biomarkers
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A recent study in Chinese men showed that lower concentrations of total and calculated free testosterone were associated with higher CRP concentration
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Data from the Boston Area Community Health Survey also reported inverse associations between testosterone and CRP concentrations
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Total testosterone was inversely associated with WBC count (Tang et al. 2007; Schneider et al. 2009; Brand et al. 2012), but calculated free testosterone was not associated with WBC
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The first trial found a decrease in CRP, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) but no changes in IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations between the active treatment and placebo arms
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the majority of studies in the literature have not observed statistically significant associations between estradiol and inflammatory biomarkers in men, although several of them observed point estimates in the positive direction
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total testosterone and estradiol compete for binding to SHBG, and seem to have opposite effects on the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers
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A small randomized controlled trial of estrogen replacement therapy in prostate cancer patients showed an increase in CRP in the active treatment group versus the comparator group
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Obese men are known to have lower androgen concentrations compared to their normal-weight counterparts
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The strongest suggestion of an interaction was the inverse association between androstanediol glucuronide and CRP concentrations in obese participants, while the association was positive in the non-obese
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A recent Chinese cross-sectional study observed stronger inverse associations between total testosterone and CRP concentrations in individuals with a BMI of 27.5 kg/m2 or greater
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our results suggest that total and calculated free testosterone are modestly inversely associated with CRP concentrations, and that total and calculated free estradiol are modestly positively associated with CRP and WBC
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Study results suggest that higher Testosterone and lower Estrogen levels provide anti-inflammatory effects in men. The inflammatory biomarker assessed here was CRP. Low total and calculated free Testosterone was associated with an increase in CRP. In contrast, total and free Estrogen was associated with an increase in CRP. Estradiol increased WBC count and SHBG was inversely related to WBC count in this study.
49More
shared by Nathan Goodyear on 20 Feb 16
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Stuck at the bench: Potential natural neuroprotective compounds for concussion - 0 views
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3205506
concussions concussion natural therapies brain curcumin omega 3 resveratrol green tea EGCG EPA DHA vitamin E vitamin c vitamin D
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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are highly enriched in neuronal synaptosomal plasma membranes and vesicles
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effective supplementation and/or increased ingestion of dietary sources rich in EPA and DHA, such as cold-water fish species and fish oil, may help improve a multitude of neuronal functions, including long-term potentiation and cognition.
- ...45 more annotations...
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multiple preclinical studies have suggested that DHA and/or EPA supplementation may have potential benefit through a multitude of diverse, but complementary mechanisms
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pre-injury dietary supplementation with fish oil effectively reduces post-traumatic elevations in protein oxidation
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The benefits of pre-traumatic DHA supplementation have not only been independently confirmed,[150] but DHA supplementation has been shown to significantly reduce the number of swollen, disconnected and injured axons when administered following traumatic brain injury.
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DHA has provided neuroprotection in experimental models of both focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury
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potential mechanisms of neuroprotection, in addition to DHA and EPA's well-established anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
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Despite abundant laboratory evidence supporting its neuroprotective effects in experimental models, the role of dietary DHA and/or EPA supplementation in human neurological diseases remains uncertain
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Several population-based, observational studies have suggested that increased dietary fish and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption may reduce risk for ischemic stroke in several populations
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Randomized control trials have also demonstrated significant reductions in ischemic stroke recurrence,[217] relative risk for ischemic stroke,[2] and reduced incidence of both symptomatic vasospasm and mortality following subarachnoid hemorrhage
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curcumin has gained much attention from Western researchers for its potential therapeutic benefits in large part due to its potent anti-oxidant[128,194,236] and anti-inflammatory properties
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Curcumin is highly lipophilic and crosses the blood-brain barrier enabling it to exert a multitude of different established neuroprotective effects
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in the context of TBI, a series of preclinical studies have suggested that pre-traumatic and post-traumatic curcumin supplementation may bolster the brain's resilience to injury and serve as a valuable therapeutic option
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Curcumin may confer significant neuroprotection because of its ability to act on multiple deleterious post-traumatic, molecular cascades
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studies demonstrated that both pre- and post-traumatic curcumin administration resulted in a significant reduction of neuroinflammation via inhibition of the pro-inflammatory molecules interleukin 1β and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)
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no human studies have been conducted with respect to the effects of curcumin administration on the treatment of TBI, subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage, epilepsy or stroke
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studies have demonstrated that resveratrol treatment reduces brain edema and lesion volume, as well as improves neurobehavioral functional performance following TBI
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green tea consumption or supplementation with its derivatives may bolster cognitive function acutely and may slow cognitive decline
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At least one population based study, though, did demonstrate that increased green tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk for Parkinson's disease independent of total caffeine intake
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a randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that administration of green tea extract and L-theanine, over 16 weeks of treatment, improved indices of memory and brain theta wave activity on electroencephalography, suggesting greater cognitive alertness
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Other animal studies have also demonstrated that theanine, another important component of green tea extract, exerts a multitude of neuroprotective benefits in experimental models of ischemic stroke,[63,97] Alzheimer's disease,[109] and Parkinson's disease
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Theanine, like EGCG, contains multiple mechanisms of neuroprotective action including protection from excitotoxic injury[97] and inhibition of inflammation
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More recent research has suggested that vitamin D supplementation and the prevention of vitamin D deficiency may serve valuable roles in the treatment of TBI and may represents an important and necessary neuroprotective adjuvant for post-TBI progesterone therapy
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Progesterone is one of the few agents to demonstrate significant reductions in mortality following TBI in human patients in preliminary trials
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in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that vitamin D supplementation with progesterone administration may significantly enhance neuroprotection
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Vitamin D deficiency may increase inflammatory damage and behavioral impairment following experimental injury and attenuate the protective effects of post-traumatic progesterone treatment.[37]
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emerging evidence has suggested that daily intravenous administration of vitamin E following TBI significantly decreases mortality and improves patient outcomes
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high dose vitamin C administration following injury stabilized or reduced peri-lesional edema and infarction in the majority of patients receiving post-injury treatment
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it has been speculated that combined vitamin C and E therapy may potentiate CNS anti-oxidation and act synergistically with regards to neuroprotection
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one prospective human study has found that combined intake of vitamin C and E displays significant treatment interaction and reduces the risk of stroke
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Pycnogenol has demonstrated the ability to slow or reduce the pathological processes associated with Alzheimer's disease
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Pcynogenol administration, in a clinical study of elderly patients, led to improved cognition and reductions in markers of lipid peroxidase
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One other point of consideration is that in neurodegenerative disease states like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where there are high levels of reactive oxygen species generation, vitamin E can tend to become oxidized itself. For maximal effectiveness and to maintain its anti-oxidant capacity, vitamin E must be given in conjunction with other anti-oxidants like vitamin C or flavonoids
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These various factors might account for the null effects of alpha-tocopherol supplementation in patients with MCI and Alzheimer's disease
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preliminary results obtained in a pediatric population have suggested that post-traumatic oral creatine administration (0.4 g/kg) given within four hours of traumatic brain injury and then daily thereafter, may improve both acute and long-term outcomes
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Acutely, post-traumatic creatine administration seemed to reduce duration of post-traumatic amnesia, length of time spent in the intensive care unit, and duration of intubation
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At three and six months post-injury, subjects in the creatine treatment group demonstrated improvement on indices of self care, communication abilities, locomotion, sociability, personality or behavior and cognitive function when compared to untreated controls
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patients in the creatine-treatment group were less likely to experience headaches, dizziness and fatigue over six months of follow-up
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CNS creatine is derived from both its local biosynthesis from the essential amino acids methionine, glycine and arginine
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Studies of patients with CNS creatine deficiency and/or murine models with genetic ablation of creatine kinase have consistently demonstrated significant neurological impairment in the absence of proper creatine, phosphocreatine, or creatine kinase function; thus highlighting its functional importance
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chronic dosing may partially reverse neurological impairments in human CNS creatine deficiency syndromes
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Several studies have suggested that creatine supplementation may also reduce oxidative DNA damage and brain glutamate levels in Huntington disease patients
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Another study highlighted that creatine supplementation marginally improved indices of mood and reduced the need for increased dopaminergic therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease
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Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder ... - 0 views
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could the anti-depressant industry in children and adolescents be a scam? A review of the evidence finds very low quality of evidence with > 56% of the studies being funded by the industry itself; can you say conflict of interest or potential bias? Review finds evidence only that fluoxetine is more effective than placebo in children and adolescents with depression.
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Testosterone and the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Lite... - 0 views
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Low endogenous bioavailable testosterone levels have been shown to be associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular‐related mortality.39,41,46–47 Patients suffering from CAD,13–18 CHF,137 T2DM,25–26 and obesity27–28
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have all been shown to have lower levels of endogenous testosterone compared with those in healthy controls. In addition, the severity of CAD15,17,29–30 and CHF137 correlates with the degree of testosterone deficiency
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In patients with CHF, testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise tolerance while having no effect on LVEF
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testosterone therapy causes a shift in the skeletal muscle of CHF patients toward a higher concentration of type I muscle fibers
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Testosterone replacement therapy has also been shown to improve the homeostatic model of insulin resistance and hemoglobin A1c in diabetics26,68–69 and to lower the BMI in obese patients.
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Lower levels of endogenous testosterone have been associated with longer duration of the QTc interval
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negative correlation has been demonstrated between endogenous testosterone levels and IMT of the carotid arteries, abdominal aorta, and thoracic aorta
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These findings suggest that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone may be at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis.
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Current guidelines from the Endocrine Society make no recommendations on whether patients with heart disease should be screened for hypogonadism and do not recommend supplementing patients with heart disease to improve survival.
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The Massachusetts Male Aging Study also projects ≈481 000 new cases of hypogonadism annually in US men within the same age group
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since 1993 prescriptions for testosterone, regardless of the formulation, have increased nearly 500%
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Testosterone levels are lower in patients with chronic illnesses such as end‐stage renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and several genetic conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome
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A growing body of evidence suggests that men with lower levels of endogenous testosterone are more prone to develop CAD during their lifetimes
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There are 2 major potential confounding factors that the older studies generally failed to account for. These factors are the subfraction of testosterone used to perform the analysis and the method used to account for subclinical CAD.
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The biologically inactive form of testosterone is tightly bound to SHBG and is therefore unable to bind to androgen receptors
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The biologically inactive fraction of testosterone comprises nearly 68% of the total testosterone in human serum
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The biologically active subfraction of testosterone, also referred to as bioavailable testosterone, is either loosely bound to albumin or circulates freely in the blood, the latter referred to as free testosterone
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It is estimated that ≈30% of total serum testosterone is bound to albumin, whereas the remaining 1% to 3% circulates as free testosterone
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it can be argued that using the biologically active form of testosterone to evaluate the association with CAD will produce the most reliable results
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English et al14 found statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone, free testosterone, and free androgen index in patients with catheterization‐proven CAD compared with controls with normal coronary arteries
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patients with catheterization‐proven CAD had statistically significant lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
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In conclusion, existing evidence suggests that men with CAD have lower levels of endogenous testosterone,13–18 and more specifically lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
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In a meta‐analysis of these 7 population‐based studies, Araujo et al41 showed a trend toward increased cardiovascular mortality associated with lower levels of total testosterone, but statistical significance was not achieved (RR, 1.25
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the authors showed that a decrease of 2.1 standard deviations in levels of total testosterone was associated with a 25% increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality
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the relative risk of all‐cause mortality in men with lower levels of total testosterone was calculated to be 1.35
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higher risk of cardiovascular mortality is associated with lower levels of bioavailable testosterone
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Existing evidence seems to suggest that lower levels of endogenous testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality
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studies have shown that lower levels of endogenous bioavailable testosterone are associated with higher rates of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality
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It may be possible that using bioavailable testosterone to perform mortality analysis will yield more accurate results because it prevents the biologically inactive subfraction of testosterone from playing a potential confounding role in the analysis
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In more recent studies, 3 randomized, placebo‐controlled trials demonstrated that administration of testosterone improves myocardial ischemia in men with CAD
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The improvement in myocardial ischemia was shown to occur in response to both acute and chronic testosterone therapy and seemed to be independent of whether an intravenous or transdermal formulation of testosterone was used.
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There is growing evidence from in vivo animal models and in vitro models that testosterone induces coronary vasodilation by modulating the activity of ion channels, such as potassium and calcium channels, on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells
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Experimental studies suggest that the most likely mechanism of action for testosterone on vascular smooth muscle cells is via modulation of action of non‐ATP‐sensitive potassium ion channels, calcium‐activated potassium ion channels, voltage‐sensitive potassium ion channels, and finally L‐type calcium ion channels
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Corona et al confirmed those results by demonstrating that not only total testosterone levels are lower among diabetics, but also the levels of free testosterone and SHBG are lower in diabetic patients
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Laaksonen et al65 followed 702 Finnish men for 11 years and demonstrated that men in the lowest quartile of total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG were more likely to develop T2DM and metabolic syndrome.
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Vikan et al followed 1454 Swedish men for 11 years and discovered that men in the highest quartile of total testosterone were significantly less likely to develop T2DM
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authors demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the incidence of T2DM in subjects receiving gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist therapy. In addition, a significant increase in the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden cardiac death, and development of cardiovascular disease was noted in patients receiving antiandrogen therapy.67
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Several authors have demonstrated that the administration of testosterone in diabetic men improves the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, and fasting plasma glucose
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Existing evidence strongly suggests that the levels of total and free testosterone are lower among diabetic patients compared with those in nondiabetics
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insulin seems to be acting as a stimulant for the hypothalamus to secret gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, which consequently results in increased testosterone production. It can be argued that decreased stimulation of the hypothalamus in diabetics secondary to insulin deficiency could result in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
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This interaction may be a result of the promotion of lipolysis in abdominal adipose tissue by testosterone, which may in turn cause reduced abdominal adiposity. On the other hand, given that adipose tissue has a higher concentration of the enzyme aromatase, it could be that increased adipose tissue results in more testosterone being converted to estrogen, thereby causing hypogonadism. Third, increased abdominal obesity may cause reduced testosterone secretion by negatively affecting the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐testicular axis. Finally, testosterone may be the key factor in activating the enzyme 11‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in adipose tissue, which transforms glucocorticoids into their inactive form.
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increasing age may alter the association between testosterone and CRP. Another possible explanation for the association between testosterone level and CRP is central obesity and waist circumference
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Bai et al have provided convincing evidence that testosterone might be able to shorten the QTc interval by augmenting the activity of slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channels while simultaneously slowing the activity of L‐type calcium channels
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Intima‐media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is considered a marker for preclinical atherosclerosis
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Studies have shown that levels of endogenous testosterone are inversely associated with IMT of the carotid artery,126–128,32,129–130 as well as both the thoracic134 and the abdominal aorta
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1 study has demonstrated that lower levels of free testosterone are associated with accelerated progression of carotid artery IMT
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another study has reported that decreased levels of total and bioavailable testosterone are associated with progression of atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta
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These findings suggest that normal physiologic testosterone levels may help to protect men from the development of atherosclerosis
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Czesla et al successfully demonstrated that the muscle specimens that were exposed to metenolone had a significant shift in their composition toward type I muscle fibers
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Type I muscle fibers, also known as slow‐twitch or oxidative fibers, are associated with enhanced strength and physical capability
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It has been shown that those with advanced CHF have a higher percentage of type II muscle fibers, based on muscle biopsy
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Studies have shown that men with CHF suffer from reduced levels of total and free testosterone.137 It has also been shown that reduced testosterone levels in men with CHF portends a poor prognosis and is associated with increased CHF mortality.138 Reduced testosterone has also been shown to correlate negatively with exercise capacity in CHF patients.
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Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to significantly improve exercise capacity, without affecting LVEF
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the results of the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not cause an increase in the rate of adverse cardiovascular events
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Data from 3 meta‐analyses seem to contradict the commonly held belief that testosterone administration may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer
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One meta‐analysis reported an increase in all prostate‐related adverse events with testosterone administration.146 However, when each prostate‐related event, including prostate cancer and a rise in PSA, was analyzed separately, no differences were observed between the testosterone group and the placebo group
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the existing data from the 3 meta‐analyses seem to indicate that testosterone replacement therapy does not increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events
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the authors correctly point out the weaknesses of their study which include retrospective study design and lack of randomization, small sample size at extremes of follow‐up, lack of outcome validation by chart review and poor generalizability of the results given that only male veterans with CAD were included in this study
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the studies that failed to find an association between testosterone and CRP used an older population group
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low testosterone may influence the severity of CAD by adversely affecting the mediators of the inflammatory response such as high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor–α
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Good review of Testosterone and CHD. Low T is associated with increased all cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, CAD, CHF, type II diabetes, obesity, increased IMT, increased severity of CAD and CHF. Testosterone replacement in men with low T has been shown to improve exercise tolerance in CHF, improve insulin resistance, improve HgbA1c and lower BMI in the obese.
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Effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid omega-3 fat... [Menopause. 2009 Mar-Apr] - PubMe... - 0 views
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Effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on hot flashes and quality of life among middle-aged women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.
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Supplementation with E-EPA omega-3 fatty acid reduced HF frequency and improved the HF score relative to placebo
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A clinical study of the use of human chorionic gon... [J Fam Pract. 1977] - PubMed result - 0 views
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reatment of obesity with human chorionic gonadotrophin was shown to be of no better value than saline in a double-blind crossover study of weight reduction in obese subjects
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hunger, or missed injections, and no apparent difference in adherence to diet when the two agents were compare